Selection of CNC Machining Tools and Determination of Cutting Amount

DALIAN, China - April 18, 2022 - PRLog -- Now, many CAD/CAM software packages provide automatic programming functions. These software generally prompt the related issues of process planning in the programming interface, such as tool selection, machining path planning, cutting amount setting, etc. The programmer only needs to set the relevant issues. parameters, the NC program can be automatically generated and transmitted to the CNC machine tool to complete the processing. Therefore, the tool selection and cutting amount determination in CNC machining are completed in the state of human-computer interaction, which is in sharp contrast with ordinary machine tool processing. At the same time, programmers must master the basic principles of tool selection and cutting amount determination. Fully consider the characteristics of CNC machining when programming. In this paper, the problems of tool selection and cutting amount determination that must be faced in NC programming are discussed, some principles and suggestions are given.

Types and characteristics of commonly used tools for CNC machining

CNC machining tools must adapt to the high speed, high efficiency and high degree of automation of CNC machine tools, and generally include general tools, universal connection tool holders and a small number of special tool holders. The tool holder is connected to the tool and mounted on the power head of the machine tool, so it has been gradually standardized and serialized. There are many ways to classify CNC tools.

According to the tool structure, it can be divided into:

①Integral

②Inlaid type, using welding or machine clamp connection, machine clamp type can be divided into two types: non-indexable and indexable

③ Special types, such as compound tools, shock-absorbing tools, etc.

According to the material used to manufacture the tool, it can be divided into:

①High-speed steel tool

②Carbide tool

③Diamond tool

④ Other material tools, such as cubic boron nitride tools, ceramic tools, etc.

From the cutting process, it can be divided into:

① Turning tools, including external circles, internal holes, threads, cutting tools, etc.

②Drilling tools, including drills, reamers, taps, etc.

③ Boring tool

④ Milling tools, etc.

In order to meet the requirements of CNC machine tools for tools that are durable, stable, easy to adjust, and replaceable, machine-clamped indexable tools have been widely used in recent years, reaching 30% to 40% of the entire CNC tools. The amount accounts for 80% to 90% of the total.

Compared with the tools used on ordinary machine tools, CNC tools have many different requirements, mainly including the following characteristics:

(1) Good rigidity (especially roughing tools), high precision, small vibration resistance and thermal deformation
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