Titanium and titanium alloy - the ideal material for human implants

Aug. 8, 2011 - PRLog -- Biomedical metallic materials as functional materials is an important branch of materials science, used for human implants have been 400 years of history. Britain earlier used gold plate for reparing skull  denture, and subsequently used the silver, iron, and iron-based alloy wire fixed fractures of the joint parts.After 1930, the United Kingdom, the United States use cobalt-based alloy as body implants.During World War II, the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan and other countries use a lot of stainless steel as the human body implants.The early 1950s, with the rare metal industry, processing of state and cast titanium, niobium, zirconium is used as a human implant clinical trials.
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In 1972, China began to use home-made titanium and titanium alloy products, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, and more than 20 hospitals, has used titanium and titanium alloy artificial bone for applications of clinical treatment and research, manufacturing, hip, elbow,mandible, which are used clinically to treat patients.Meanwhile, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy and simulated body fluid immersion test, electrochemical anodic corrosion kinetics experiments and the determination to prove that the titanium and titanium alloy artificial joints used in human bone and has excellent corrosion resistance,biological response is very small, is an ideal human body implants.Fudan University Department of Biology, Human Physiology Research Group and the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital tested the mechanical properties of implanted bone, consider the strength of titanium and titanium alloy implants meet the requirements of the human body.
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The world's research and a large number of clinical of instances, from the depth and breadth, recogonises titanium and titanium alloy is by far the best human implants of metal materials, and as the third generation of metal, following stainless, cobalt-based alloy by present medical surgical industry.
After the mid-1980s, the amount of human implants made of home-of titanium and titanium alloy materials increased, of which titanium shape memory alloy development and application met the international advanced level.To the mid-1990s, home-made titanium and titanium alloy materials were widely used in orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, cardiovascular system, oral and maxillofacial surgery, training machine outside the body. In past five years, there are Wyman Biological Material Co., Tianjin, Beijing Osbilic Technology Co., Ltd. and a number of companies became titanium and stainless steel body implant manufacturers.Titanium and titanium alloy used in making femoral head, hip, humerus, skull, knee, elbow, shoulder, metacarpophalangeal joints, jaw, and heart identified membrane, kidney identified membrane, blood vessel dilator, splints, prosthesis,Tighten the screws and other metal pieces hundreds of transplantation into the body, and achieved good results, enjoyed high evaluation by medical profession.
Body implants are special functional materials related to human life and health. Compared with other metals, titanium and titanium alloys have six main advantages:
1 light; 2 low elastic modulus; 3 non-magnetic; 4 non-toxic; 5 corrosion resistance; 6 high strength, good toughness.
Titanium and titanium alloy with excellent use properties, has been recognized as the world's outstanding metal materials in biomedical field. Comparing with stainless steel, cobalt based alloy and other metal material, it has bigger application advantages and developing potential.
According to related materials, the amount of metal materials as the body implants, has been gradually increased.Since 1990, the amount of human implant metal  reach 2 million or more each year only in the US, including hip, femoral parts accounted for 2.5%; the European market for fracture fixation and external fixation products were booming in demand and supply of products especially in France, Germany, Italy and the UK-based. Market value in 2004 reached 280 million U.S. dollars, which accounted for 85.7% of internal fixation products.Over the past 10 years, biomedical materials and products in the market growth rate has remained at 20% to 25%. It is predicted that in the future 10 to 15 years, including bio-medical materials and medical device industry development will reach economies of scale.
The advantages of medical titanium and titanium alloy materials have been recognized by the medical profession, and has also been accepted by an increasing number of patients. Considering the factors of war, sports injuries and improved living standards, there is growing room for titanium and titanium alloy as the first choice of plenty implants, and is bound to become a new economic growth point in titanium industry.
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