Supreme Court Declares Digital Access Integral to Fundamental Right to Life and Liberty

CHANDIGARH, India - May 3, 2025 - PRLog -- Digital access is an essential component of the fundamental right to life and liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution.

Delivering the verdict, the apex court emphasized that in an increasingly digitized world, access to the internet and digital infrastructure is no longer a luxury but a necessity. The judgment asserts that equitable digital connectivity is vital for exercising various constitutional rights — including access to education, information, healthcare, employment, and freedom of expression.

"The digital divide must be bridged to uphold the dignity and rights of all citizens," the bench stated. "Denial of access to digital infrastructure, particularly in rural and underserved areas, violates the constitutional guarantee of life with dignity."

The ruling came in response to a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) seeking recognition of internet access as a basic human right, highlighting disparities in connectivity across regions and its impact on marginalized communities, especially in the context of online education, digital governance, and economic participation.

Key highlights of the judgment:

• The right to internet access is now legally recognized as intrinsic to the right to life and liberty.
• Governments at all levels are directed to formulate policies that ensure affordable, equitable digital infrastructure, particularly in remote and disadvantaged regions.
• Internet shutdowns must be used only in the rarest of circumstances, and be subject to strict judicial and procedural safeguards.

The Court also underscored the importance of digital literacy and urged authorities to promote inclusive digital education and infrastructure development as part of national planning.

This landmark decision is expected to significantly influence policy-making, with implications for digital governance, service delivery, and inclusive growth.

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