Eco-Friendly Usage of the PEM Fuel Cells Propels Fuel Cell Industry

NEW YORK - Nov. 21, 2022 - PRLog -- A fuel cell can be defined as a device or equipment that generates electricity by chemical reaction. A fuel cell includes two electrodes- a negative and a positive, also known as anode and cathode. It utilizes fuel in the anode, and air in the cathode, a catalyst present at the anode is used for the separation of protons and electrons from hydrogen molecules, that take different paths to the cathode. Electrons run through the external circuit and create electricity flow, while protons migrate through the electrolyte to cathode and further unites with oxygen and electrons to release heat and water.

In 2021, fuel cells capture sales worth $1,799.9 million and it is expected to rise to $23,743.4 million by 2030, growing at a rate of 32.2% in the near future. Fuel cells function as batteries but they neither run downs nor require recharging. Therefore, they are highly utilized for various commercial and residential applications to produce electricity and heat by fuel present in them.

The polymer electrolyte membrane or PEM fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy and releases water only as a by-product. It has the potential to reduce energy consumption, dependence on fossil fuels, and pollution emissions. During the last couple of decades or so, fundamental research has made advancements in fuel technology.

Alkaline fuel cells possess highest level of electrical efficiency, among all fuel cells (https://www.psmarketresearch.com/market-analysis/fuel-cel...), and suit the dynamic operating modes. They can be built in both large and small spaces such as power plants or small compact systems. Moreover, AFC cells are equipped with liquid electrolytes, they have three chambers divided by separators or electrodes. Electrolytes one chamber, while the other two are for reactants. AFC can operate at a much higher temperature as 230°C, depending on the fuel cell mode.

Phosphoric acid fuel cells utilize phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at a higher concentration level, due to platinum contents in the porous carbon electrodes and electrolyte. They operate at a temperature between 170°C and 210°C. In these types of cells, the carbon dioxide present in the air is utilized as an oxidant, while hydrogen is used as the primary fuel for power generation.

Therefore, fuel cells are increasingly demanded for power generation as they do not require recharging.