Quantum Theory of a Static Universe requires QED redshift in Cosmic Dust

PITTSBURGH - Feb. 16, 2015 - PRLog -- .
Background
Man knows life has a beginning and an end, and it is only natural to think the Universe also has a beginning and an end. Yet, for thousands of years, the Universe was considered static and infinite - without a beginning and end. However, Einstein in 1916 introduced his field equations that required the Universe to be finite and either contracting or expanding. Since a static Universe is foreign to human experience, Einstein provided a theoretical basis to suggest the Universe is not static, but rather began with the Big Bang. Lacking experimental proof, Big Bang theory lay dormant until 1929 when Hubble dismissed a static Universe by showing the light from distant galaxies was redshift. Interpreted by the Doppler Effect, the Hubble redshift was taken as proof the Universe is expanding ever since the Big Bang.

However, Big Bang theory was recently questioned [1] by replacing classical geodesics with quantum trajectories. Quantum-corrected Friedmann equations derived within the context of general relativity showed the singularity of the Big Bang does not exist. The quantum corrections can be thought of as a cosmological constant term without the need for dark matter and energy. By this theory, the Universe is assumed filled with gravitons — hypothetical massless particles that mediate the force of gravity, but yet have not been shown to exist. However, if they do, gravitons have been shown [2] to form a Bose-Einstein condensate at any Universe temperature, otherwise only thought to require the high temperatures of the Big Bang. Of importance, quantum trajectories avoid the need for the Higgs boson to explain the presence of dark matter and energy suggesting the Universe is once again static as before Einstein in 1916. See http://phys.org/news/2015-02-big-quantum-equation-universe.html

Problem
Quantum trajectory like the Big Bang is a still a theory and experiments are required to show the existence of the graviton. However, there is a logistics problem. Quantum trajectory theory lacking dark matter and energy leading to a static Universe is contradicted by the Hubble redshift that based on the Doppler Effect shows the Universe is expanding. What this means is Quantum theory can only be valid if Hubble redshift is superseded by a non-Doppler redshift that can be verified by experiment

Proposal
QED induced redshift in cosmic dust NPs is proposed as the non-Doppler redshift to supersede Hubble redshift by which the Quantum theory may avoid dark matter and energy to be consistent with a static Universe. QED stands for quantum electrodynamics and NPs for nanoparticles. But this does not mean the Universe is expanding as QED redshift by superseding Hubble redshift also leads to a static Universe. Unlike Quantum and Big Bang theories, QED redshift of galaxy light in NPs may readily be confirmed in laboratory experiments.

QED Redshift
QED redshift is a consequence of QM that denies the atoms in NPs under TIR confinement the heat capacity to allow changes in temperature upon absorbing galaxy light. QM stands for quantum mechanics and TIR for total internal reflection. An expanding Universe has been questioned because of cosmic dust exaggerating Hubble redshift measurements of distant galaxies by the Doppler Effect. See http://www.prlog.org/12413673 Indeed, QED redshift by dust in the line of sight to a galaxy grossly exaggerates the velocity of Universe expansion, i.e., the Hubble redshift may show a galaxy is receding near the speed of light relative to the Earth when in fact the dust NPs need not be moving at all. See Korean paper in “Expanding Universe or Cosmic Dust?” at http://www.nanoqed.org , 2015.

Theory and Application
Astronomy relies on classical heat transfer to explain how NPs absorbing single galaxy photons increase in temperature to produce the IR spectra observed in the Universe. But QM differs. Since the NP temperatures cannot change by QM, the absorbed galaxy photon may only be conserved by QED creating a redshift photon inside the NP having Planck energy E = hf, where h and f are Planck’s constant and the TIR frequency of the NP. Since NPs have high surface to volume ratios, almost all of the galaxy photon energy directly excites its TIR mode. In effect, TIR confines the absorbed energy to the NP surface having wavelength given by its circumference, i.e., the TIR frequency f = c / λ, where c is the velocity of light and λ = 2 Π a n. Here, a and n are the radius and refractive index of the NP. What this means is QM requires the galaxy photon to be conserved without an increase in NP temperature by QED inducing the creation of EM radiation at the TIR frequency f of the NP that is then emitted as a QED redshift photon.Ibid

Conclusions
Big Bang theory relies on Hubble redshift of galaxy light by the Doppler Effect as proof of Universe expansion, but requires verification of the Higgs boson to explain the presence of dark matter and energy.

Quantum theory based on trajectories instead of classical geodesics mediated by gravitons leads to a static Universe without the need for dark matter and energy, but validty requires the Hubble redshift to be superseded by QED redshift in cosmic dust.

But if QED redshift in dust supersedes Hubble redshift, the expanding Universe of Big Bang theory like the Quantum theory also leads to a static Universe

Unlike Big Bang and Quantum theories, QED redshift in cosmic dust is readily verified by experiment. Hence, QED redshift in cosmic dust proves the Universe is static and not expanding

References
[1] A.  Ali &  S. Das, “Cosmology from quantum potential," Phys. Lett. B, 741, 276, 2015.
[2] S. Das & R. K. Bhaduri, "Dark matter and dark energy from Bose-Einstein condensate," arXiv:1411.0753 [gr-qc].