In a scenario where there is a great degree of scepticism about the outcome of the Copenhagen meet and whether there will be any meaningful denouement in Mexico City this December, due in no small part to the legislative impasse in the US Congress, it is easy to feel disillusioned about the possibility of a breakthrough on the global environmental front. When this is coupled with the sustained and often motivated attack on the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the prospects look altogether bleak.
However, as speakers underlined at the recent Delhi Summit on Sustainable Development (DSSD), organised annually by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), several sectors have forged ahead, either outstripping domestic climate legislation in their countries or proceeding in spite of it. Indeed, even in the US, several cities and some states have shown that they are far more concerned about climate change than their recalcitrant Congressmen.
Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger of California said as much in his video conference with the summit. California accounts for one in every eight Americans and is also, astonishingly, the eighth largest economy in the world. Its 38 million people produce half the US’s food output; agriculture comprises a $36-billion-
It has a comprehensive plan to reduce its emissions by 29% below 1990 levels, by 2020 -- a far cry from President Obama’s offer of 4% for the economy as a whole. If what Jeffrey Sachs, who heads The Earth Institute at Columbia University and is a top UN advisor on the Millennium Development Goals, said at the summit is right, there will be no national cap-and-trade system in the US due to various vested industrial interests that exert considerable political clout. Still, California has initiated the Western Climate Initiative with a few US states and Canadian provinces to introduce a cap-and-trade mechanism by 2012.
Premier Jean Charest of Quebec, who was also present in Delhi, is another dynamic regional leader who is joining in such initiatives. Schwarzenegger has also elicited a favourable response from regional leaders in France, Nigeria and Algeria.
This September, he will launch the Club of 20 Regions (R20) initiative to carry his plans forward. At Copenhagen, Schwarzenegger said: “R20 will help pave the way in the transition to a green economy that will clean the environment, create green jobs, and respond to the unavoidable impacts of climate change. Action is needed at the national and international levels to reduce the effects of global warming, but California has shown that state and regional governments can also institute policies on their own that will see real environmental improvements and grow green jobs. R20 will continue that sub-national leadership around the world by recognising that meeting the challenges of climate change requires an unprecedented level of cooperation and collaboration through all levels of government.”
Similarly, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, whose representative attended the Delhi summit, is the 17th largest stand-alone economy in the world, with some 18 million people. The region was, paradoxically enough, the focal point of Germany’s ‘old’ economy, comprising heavy engineering industries and coal mines. Of course, Germany is no laggard when it comes to environmental standards, and so this region doesn’t stick out like a ‘green thumb’ as California does in the US. By 2009, Germany had already reduced its carbon dioxide levels to 29% below 1990 levels because, as its leaders see it, it was in their national interest to do so.
A recurring theme at the Delhi summit was that the global environmental crisis can prove to be an opportunity, something that President Obama has also said in relation to the US economic crisis though it does not have the same resonance that this belief evokes in Europe. Germany has already created 1.7 million green jobs, which is expected to rise to 3 million by 2020. The EU has its own carbon trading scheme in place for industry, which is expected to cover power plants and the airlines industry by 2012.
Germany has a thriving renewable energy industry, which contributes 16% of its electricity at present. This sector has trebled since 2000 and is expected to treble again by 2020, to provide 47% of the country’s power. The green sector has, in recent months, provided 280,000 jobs despite the financial crisis. Germany has imposed ‘eco-taxes’
As part of its ‘eco-profits’
In Japan, by contrast, action is taken at a far more decentralised level since the country has some 30,000 ‘prefectures’
Apart from regional initiatives, it is business which is viewing the global negotiations over a climate treaty as more of an opportunity than a problem. For Philips, the Dutch multinational, for instance, lighting is one of the pieces of the puzzle. Buildings account for 14% of global energy consumption, mostly on heating and cooling, but also for lighting. Anyone who has visited a city in the industrial world cannot but be amazed at the profligate consumption of energy in high-rise buildings that are left lit up through the night, even when they aren’t occupied.
But that may become a thing of the past as cities and countries become more aware of global warming. In France, around 1,000 homes are renovated every day to make them more energy-efficient (at this rate it will take till 2050 for all houses to be converted). Philips believes that local governments, city leaders and the private sector “are where the action is going to be”.
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Infochange News & Features, February 2010
