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Green means the battery is in use or under in recent years has research and development of a class of high-performance, non-polluting batteries. Is now widely used nickel metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries and are promoting the use of mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese primary batteries and rechargeable batteries and the ongoing research and development of plastic lithium or lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells all fall into this one category. In addition, there has been widely applied and the use of solar energy for photoelectric conversion of solar cells (also known as photovoltaic power generation), also be included in this category.
Nickel-metal hydride battery (Ni-MH) and nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd) have the same operating voltage (1.2V), but due to the rare earth alloy or TiNi alloy as the negative electrode active material of hydrogen storage materials, to replace the cancer-causing substances cadmium, not only to make this new battery into a green battery, but also the battery specific energy increased by almost 40% to 60-80Wh/kg and 210-240Wh / L. This battery is the early 90s and gradually realize industrialization and, above all for use in mobile phone batteries. At present, although its dominance on the phone gradually being replaced by lithium-ion batteries, but in Europe and the United States mobile phone applications, its market share is still about 50%.
Li-ion battery (Li-ion) by the lithium ion can embed and de-embedded carbon as anode and reversible lithium intercalation in metal oxides as cathode (LiCoO2, LiNiO2 or LiMn2O4) and organic electrolyte composition of its working voltage is 3.6V Therefore, a lithium-ion battery is equivalent to three nickel-cadmium or nickel metal hydride batteries. The resulting energy density of this battery can be more than 100Wh/kg and 280Wh / L, again much higher than the nickel metal hydride battery specific energy. In view of the above advantages, a few years from 1993-2000, its production and use of a very high rate.
Alkaline Battery (alkaline) compared with the size of normal batteries have higher capacity and with a large current discharge capability. In recent years, has been applied to mercury-free zinc powder, thereby allowing the cell to become a green battery, and become the mainstream product in the original battery, now is still Alkaline Battery BP machine to use the most power. At the same time, the world is also concerned about the rechargeable battery of the U.S. company has introduced a rechargeable alkaline manganese batteries, slow growth in product applications. This battery to keep the original battery discharge characteristics, and longer charge to use dozens to hundreds of times (deep charge and discharge cycle life of about 25 times).
Plastic Lithium battery (LIP) is a lithium metal as the anode, conductive polymer electrolyte to make a new battery, its energy density has reached 170Wh/kg and 350Wh / L. Malpractices plastic lithium-ion battery lithium-ion battery is currently in the organic electrolyte stored in a polymer film, or the use of conductive polymers as the electrolyte, so that no free electrolyte in the battery. This battery can achieve the hot aluminum plastic composite film package, with a light weight, the shape can be changed arbitrarily, security and better features.
Fuel cell (FC) is a use of fuel (such as hydrogen or containing fuel) and oxidizer (such as oxygen or air in oxygen) a direct and continuous power generation device, due to avoiding the Carnot cycle limit, this power generation is not only efficient (conversion efficiency of the electrochemical reaction can be as high as 40% or more), and non-polluting gas emissions, and therefore the future of efficient and clean power generation methods. Many domestic and foreign companies are committed to developing appropriate mobile phone, notebook computer's PEM fuel cells, once put into use, its great value for money.
Sealed lead-acid battery is a lead-acid batteries.
The following new green battery technology and related industries developing rapidly.
1. Hydrogen storage material and nickel-metal hydride batteries - nickel metal hydride battery (Ni-MH Rechargeable Battery)
2. Lithium-ion embedded materials and liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries
3. Polymer electrolyte lithium batteries or lithium-ion batteries
4. Zinc-air batteries and PEM fuel cell
In addition to these things, the rapid growth of China's telecommunications industry, China's battery industry is at very high speeds to promote environmentally friendly mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese of the original pool and rechargeable batteries and sealed lead-acid battery technology development and expand applications.
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