Nearly 200 people were killed during riots between ethnic Uighurs and members of China’s dominant Han group.
The nine were convicted of murder and other crimes during the riots, the official Xinhua news service said.
Hundreds of people were detained after the riots, the worst ethnic unrest in China for decades.
A spokesman for the Xinjiang government said the executions had been carried out after a review by the Supreme Court.
"The first group of nine people who were sentenced to death recently have already been executed in succession, with the approval of the Supreme Court," Xinjiang government spokesman Hou Hanmin told AFP news agency.
The violence in Urumqi erupted on 5 July, when protests by Uighurs left at least 197 people dead and another 1,700 injured.
Security forces in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (13 July 2009)
Xinjiang has seen a high security presence since the unrest
Shops were smashed and vehicles set alight, with passers-by being set upon by Uighur rioters.
Two days later, groups of Han went looking for revenge as police struggled to restore order.
Most of those killed were Han, according to officials, and Urumqi's Han population demanded swift justice.
A total of 21 people were sentenced in October. Nine were sentenced to death, and three were given the death penalty with a two-year reprieve, a sentence which is usually commuted to life in jail.
They were convicted of crimes such as murder, damage to property, arson and robbery.
Tensions between the Uighurs and Han have been growing in recent years.
Millions of Han have moved to the region in recent decades, and while the majority of residents used to be Muslim Uighurs, Han now outnumber them in some areas, including Urumqi.
Many Uighurs want more autonomy and rights for their culture and religion - Islam - than is allowed by Beijing's strict rule.
Map of Xinjiang, China
According to a recent government white paper on Xinjiang, the July riots were caused by Uighur separatists promoting an independent "East Turkestan".
The exiled World Uighur Congress says Beijing exaggerates the threat to justify harsh controls.
There have been a number of bombings and other attacks over the years in the region that authorities have blamed on separatists.
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