Summary
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene exhibit extraordinary electrical properties for organic materials, and have a huge potential in electrical and electronic applications such as sensors, semiconductor devices, displays, conductors and energy conversion devices (e.g., fuel cells, harvesters and batteries). This report brings all of this together, covering the latest work from 78 organizations around the World to details of the latest progress applying the technologies. Challenges and opportunities with material production and application are given.
Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for electronics applications
Depending on their chemical structure, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be used as an alternative to organic or inorganic semiconductors as well as conductors, but the cost is currently the greatest restraint. However, that has the ability to rapidly fall as new, cheaper mass production processes are established, which we cover in this report. In electronics, other than electromagnetic shielding, one of the first large applications for CNTs will be conductors. In addition to their high conductance, they can be transparent, flexible and even stretchable. Here, applications are for displays, replacing ITO; touch screens, photovoltaics and display bus bars and beyond.
In addition, interest is high as CNTs have demonstrated mobilities which are magnitudes higher than silicon, meaning that fast switching transistors can be fabricated. In addition, CNTs can be solution processed, i.e. printed. In other words, CNTs will be able to provide high performing devices which can ultimately be made in low cost manufacturing processes such as printing, over large areas. They have application to supercapacitors, which bridge the gap between batteries and capacitors, leveraging the energy density of batteries with the power density of capacitors and transistors. Challenges are material purity, device fabrication, and the need for other device materials such as suitable dielectrics. However, the opportunity is large, given the high performance, flexibility, transparency and printability. Companies that we surveyed report growth rates as high as 300% over the next five years.
Graphene, a cheap organic material, is being enhanced by companies that are increasing its conductivity, to be used in some applications as a significantly cheaper printed conductor compared to silver ink. All this work is covered in this new report.
Activity from 78 organizations profiled
We have researched 78 companies and academic institutions working on carbon nanotubes and graphene, all profiled in the report. While manufacturers in North America focus more on single wall CNTs (SWCNTs); Asia and Europe, with Japan on top and China second, are leading the production of multi wall CNTS (MWCNTs) with Showa Denko, Mitsui and Hodogaya Chemical being among the largest suppliers. The split of number of organizations working on the topic by territory is shown below.
Opportunities for Carbon Nanotube material supply
A number of companies are already selling CNTs with metallic and semiconducting properties grown by several techniques in a commercial scale but mostly as raw material and in limited quantities. However, the selective and uniform production of CNTs with specific diameter, length and electrical properties is yet to be achieved in commercial scale. A significant limitation for the use of CNTs in electronic applications is the coexistence of semiconducting and metallic CNTs after synthesis in the same batch. Several separation methods have been discovered over the last few years which are covered in the report, as is the need for purification.
Opportunities for Carbon Nanotube device manufacture
There are still some hurdles to overcome when using printing for the fabrication of thin carbon nanotube films. There is relatively poor quality of the nanotube starting material, which mostly shows a low crystallinity, low purity and high bundling. Subsequently, purifying the raw material without significantly degrading the quality is difficult. Furthermore there is also the issue to achieve good dispersions in solution and to remove the deployed surfactants from the deposited films. The latest work by company is featured in the report.
Key benefits of purchasing this report
This concise and unique report gives an in-depth review to the applications, technologies, emerging solutions and players. It addresses specific topics such as:
Activities of 78 global organizations which are active in the development of materials or devices using carbon nanotubes or graphene.
Application to conductors, displays, transistors, super capacitors, photovoltaics and much more
Types of carbon nanotubes and graphene and their properties and impact on electronics
Current challenges in production and use and opportunities
Forecasts for the entire printed electronics market which carbon nanotubes and printed electronics could impact
For those involved in making or using carbon nanotubes, or those developing displays, photovoltaics, transistors, energy storage devices and conductors and want to learn about how they can benefit from this technology, this is a must-read report.
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. What are Carbon Nanotubes
1.1.2. History of CNTs
1.2. What is Graphene
1.2.1. Manufacturing graphene
1.3. Properties for electronic and electrical applications
1.4. Manufacture of CNTs
1.4.2. Arc Method
1.4.3. Laser Ablation Method
1.4.4. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
1.5. Printing Carbon Nanotubes
1.6. Latest progress with printing carbon nanotubes
1.6.1. Application of printed carbon nanotubes to flexible displays
1.6.2. Application of printed carbon nanotubes to transistors
1.6.3. Application of printed carbon nanotubes to energy storage devices-supercapacitors
2. CNT/GRAPHENE TRANSISTOR
2.1. Comparison to other semiconductors
2.2. Latest progress with CNT/Graphene Transistors
2.2.1. Separating metallic and semiconductor carbon nanotubes
2.2.2. Graphene field effect transistors
2.3. Challenges
3. CARBON NANOTUBES AS CONDUCTORS
3.2. Comparison to other conductors
3.3. Conductor deposition technologies and main applications
3.4. Latest progress with Carbon Nanotube conductors
3.5. Challenges
4. OTHER APPLICATIONS OF CNTS
4.1. NRAM data storage device
4.2. Organic photovoltaic devices and hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaics
4.3. Supercapacitors and/or batteries
4.4. CNTs for smart textiles
4.5. Thin film loudspeakers
5. COMPANIES PROFILES
5.1. Angstron Materials LLC., USA
5.2. Apex Nanomaterials, USA
5.3. Applied Nanotech, USA
5.4. Arry International Group, Hong Kong
5.5. BASF, Germany
5.6. Bayer MaterialScience, Germany
5.7. Canatu Ltd., Finland
5.8. Carben Semicon Ltd, Russia
5.9. Carbon Solutions, Inc., USA
5.10. CarboLex, Inc., USA
5.11. Cap-XX Australia
5.12. CheapTubes, USA
5.13. Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co. Ltd. (Timesnano), China
5.14. Cornell University, USA
5.15. CSIRO, Australia
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