Anal Cancer Surgery in India: An Introduction

PR Log (Press Release) – Oct 22, 2009 – Anal Cancer Surgery India:
Now days most advanced surgical treatment facilities are available for treatment of patients in India and patients have successfully been treated in these advanced Cancer centers of Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai for their Anal Cancer surgery in India. Patients all over the world seeking treatment for their Anal Cancer surgery are moving in flocks towards India as they are being provided with the facilities of ISO certified senior Cancer surgeons of India having vast experience and successful profile of performing numerous numbers of successful cancer surgeries. One of the biggest reasons for the patients choosing India over other parts of the world to get them treated is the low minimal cost of Anal Cancer surgery in India with all medically modern healthcare facilities for well being of the patients. Anal cancer surgery is also known as Colonel or Rectal cancer.
Diagnosis:
Screening for Colon and Rectal Cancer:

The process of malignant transformation from adenoma to carcinoma takes several years. The purpose of screening is to eradicate potential cancers while they are still in the benign stage of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Screening also increases the likelihood of discovering existing cancers while they are still in the early stage.

Average-risk screening People who are asymptomatic, younger than 50 years, and have no other risk factors are considered at average risk for developing colorectal cancer. Screening of the average-risk population should begin at age 50 years and end at age 75.
Treatment:
Medical Care
The surgical definition of the rectum differs from the anatomical definition; surgeons define the rectum as starting at the level of the sacral promontory, while anatomists define the rectum as starting at the level of the 3rd sacral vertebra. Therefore, the measured length of the rectum varies from 12 cm to 15 cm. The rectum is different than the rest of the colon, in that the outer layer is made of longitudinal muscle. The rectum contains 3 folds, namely valves of Houston. The superior (10 cm to 12 cm) and inferior (4 cm to 7 cm) folds are located on the left side and middle fold (8 cm to 10 cm) is located at the right side.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines define rectal cancer as cancer located within 12 cm of the anal verge by rigid proctoscopy. This definition was developed by the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group study, which found that the risk of recurrence of rectal cancer depends on the location of the cancer. Univariate sub-group analyses showed that the treatment effect for surgery alone vs preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery was not significant in patients whose cancer (TNM stage I to IV) was located between 10.1 cm and 15 cm from the anal verge.
Surgical Care
Patient-, tumor-, treatment-, and surgeon-related factors influence the ability to restore intestinal continuity in patients with rectal cancer.
Transanal Excision

The local transanal excision of rectal cancer is reserved for early-stage cancers in a select group of patients. The lesions amenable for local excision are small (< 3 cm in size), occupying less than a third of a circumference of the rectum, preferably exophytic/polypoid, superficial and mobile (T1 and T2 lesions), low-grade tumors (well or moderately differentiated) that are located in low in the rectum (within 8 cm of the anal verge) (see Table 3). There should also be no palpable or radiologic evidence of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. The likelihood of lymph node involvement in this type of lesion ranges from 0-12%.
Endocavitary Radiation

This radiotherapy method differs from external-beam radiation therapy in that a larger dose of radiation can be delivered to a smaller area over a shorter period. Selection criteria for this procedure are similar to those for transanal excision (Table 3). The lesion can be as far as 10 cm from the anal verge and no larger than 3 cm. Endocavitary radiation is delivered via a special proctoscope and is performed in an operating room with sedation. The patient can be discharged on the same day.

A total of 6 application of high-dose (20Gy to 30 Gy), low-voltage radiation (50kV) is given over the course of 6 weeks. Each radiotherapy session produces a rapid shrinkage of the rectal cancer lesion. An additional booster dose can be given to the tumor bed. The overall survival rate is 83%, although the local recurrence rate as high as 30%.

Why India:
Anal Cancer Surgery in India has become one of the best options for international as well as Indian patients for getting them treated with anal cancer as the patients opting for getting their anal cancer surgery done in India are being facilitated with the facilities of world class abroad expertise surgeons of India in biggest corporate hospitals of India having fully equipped and well medically trained staff to look after the patients. Patients are also being offered a holiday vacation tour at various ancient and modern tourist destinations with the facilities of medical tourism India at very affordable price which would help to complete the experience of the medical tour to India. For further details on the Low cost Anal Cancer Surgery  in India feel free to visit us at www.indiacancersurgerysite.com  or mail your queries at info@indiacancersurgerysite.com or talk to us international callers, at  +91 9579034639