Report Summary
Printed electronics will be a $300 billion market within 20 years. The largest segment will be printed transistors and memory. They will drive lighting, displays, signage, electronic products, medical disposables, smart packaging, smart labels and much more besides. The chemical, plastics, printing, electronics and other industries are cooperating to make it happen. Already, over 150 organisations are developing printed transistors and memory, with first products being sold in 2008.
This 339 page report is intended for those wishing to see the big picture and those new to the subject. There are no equations or academic references and the text will be readily understandable for those from all the industries now seeking a place in this value chain. There is a profusion of illustrations to bring the subject alive and detailed comparison charts explain and compare everything at a glance-from choice of substrates and inks to the smart products resulting and the progress of over 150 organisations in making it all happen. Those with basic training in physics, chemistry and electronics will find much to inform them. Those with no scientific training will also be able to see the big picture, the issues and the winners and losers because appendices and a glossary help them with the background and the terminology. Above all, this report is very up to date, having been fully researched globally in 2007 and 2008. Do not follow the herd into the well aired aspects of this subject. Gain advantage by understanding all the important aspects and opportunities.
Whether you intend to be a user, seller or researcher, consider the new InGaZnO semiconductors, the single layer geometry, the multi-function transistors, the printed silicon transistors and many other advances. Understand the enormous amount of work going on in Korea, Japan, Taiwan, the USA, Germany and the UK. See why no printing technology is ideal and what comes next. Although the press talks of transistors only working at the lower frequencies and modest memory capability in printed form, some of these devices work at terahertz frequency and some promise a gigabyte on a postage stamp for only a few cents and the one cent RFID tag before very long.
There is much more to printed electronics than commonly appears in press reports and research papers. This is a huge revolution impacting most aspects of human endeavour. Billion dollar suppliers will be created and even the smallest organisations involved are already signing deals with some of the largest-there is room for everyone.
Those thinking that this is all about organic electronics are boxing themselves into a corner. Those that think that printed transistors and memory are being developed by the few companies often mentioned in the press are missing the work at over 150 organisations, most of it very exciting indeed.
Report Outline
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Importance of printed and potentially printed electronics
1.1.2. Awesome new capability creates new markets
1.1.3. This is the new printing before it is the new electronics
1.1.4. Importance of flexibility, light weight and low cost
1.1.5. Creating radically new products
1.1.6. Improving existing products
1.2. Importance of printed and thin film transistors and memory
1.2.1. Vision for the future
1.2.2. Benefits of thin film transistors and memory
1.3. Transistor basics and value chain
1.3.1. How a transistor works
1.3.2. TFTC value chain
1.4. Transistor geometry and parameters
1.4.1. Conventional geometry - horizontal transistors
1.4.2. New vertical geometry - vertical VFETs
1.4.3. New geometry - single layer transistors Plastic E Print
1.4.4. On off ratio and leakage current
1.4.5. Frequency, carrier mobility and channel length
1.5. Choice of materials for these transistors
1.5.1. The thin film transistors on the back of today's LCD TV - a dead end?
1.5.2. Organic vs inorganic materials
1.6. Choice of semiconductor
1.6.2. Organic semiconductors
1.6.3. Breakthrough in printed inorganic performance in 2007 from Kovio
1.6.4. Silicon is a dead end?
1.6.5. Compound inorganic semiconductors
1.6.6. Breakthrough in printed inorganic performance in 2007 from Kovio
1.6.7. CMOS and the n type difficulty
1.6.8. Ambipolar semiconductors
1.6.9. Carbon nanotubes as thin film semiconductors
1.6.10. Importance of the dielectric layer
1.6.11. Importance of codeposition
1.6.12. Memory basics and value chain
1.7. Substrates
1.7.1. High temperature and protective substrates vs low cost flexible
1.7.2. Polymers
1.7.3. Paper
1.8. Printing processes
1.8.1. Requirements
1.8.2. Ink jet vs fast reel to reel printing
1.8.3. Transfer printing of single crystals
1.8.4. 3D printed silicon transistors, Japan
1.8.5. Ink jet printing nanosilicon transistors.
2. ORGANIC TRANSISTORS AND MEMORY - DEVELOPMENTS
2.1. History and prospective benefits
2.2. PolyApply program of the European Commission
2.3. RFID labels from Poly IC
2.4. Lowest performance, lowest cost - ACREO
2.5. Organic dielectrics and ferroelectrics
2.6. High permittivity organic transistor gates by ionic drift
3. INORGANIC COMPOUND TRANSISTORS - DEVELOPMENTS
3.1. History and summary of potential benefits
3.2. Semiconductors
3.2.1. Zinc oxide based transistor semiconductors
3.2.2. Amorphous InGaZnO
3.2.3. Transfer printing silicon, GaN and GaAs on film
3.2.4. Tin disulphide
3.3. Inorganic dielectrics in devices
3.3.1. Solution processed barium titanate nanocomposite
3.3.2. Hafnium oxide and HafSOx
3.3.3. Hybrid inorganic dielectrics - zirconia
3.3.4. Aluminium, lanthanum, tantalum and other oxides
3.4. Chromium based technology
3.4.1. Printed oxide transistors at Oregon State University
3.5. Silicon nanoparticle ink
3.5.1. Breakthrough in printed inorganic performance in 2007 from Kovio
4. TECHNOLOGY AND SUPPLIERS - LARGE MEMORY
4.1. Types of memory
4.2. Big difference in making small vs large memory
4.3. Strategy of various developers of thin film and printed memory
4.3.2. Thin Film Electronics TFE memory
5. TECHNOLOGY AND SUPPLIERS -CONDUCTORS
5.1. Organic vs inorganic conductors
5.2. Organic conductors
5.3. Inorganic conductors
5.3.2. Comparison of metal options
5.3.3. Polymer - metal suspensions
5.3.4. Silver solution
5.4. Carbon nanotubes
6. MARKETS 2008-2028
6.1. Forecasts 2008-2028
6.2. Assumptions for our forecasts
6.3. Split between backplane, RFID and other applications to 2018
6.4. Size of relevant markets that are impacted
6.5. Potential for non-RFID electronic labels
6.6. Potential for RFID labels 2008-2018
6.7. Market for RFID
6.7.2. Ultimate potential for highest volume RFID
6.7.3. Penetration of chipless RFID
6.8. Impact on silicon
6.9. Forecasts for materials
6.10. Impediments to the commercialisation of printed transistors and memory
7. COMPARISON OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN TFTCS AND THEIR MATERIALS
7.1. Semiconductor, process, geometry, targets, challenges and objectives for 80 organisations in printed and thin film transistors and/ or memory
7.2. Profiles of 100 organisations in printed and thin film transistors and/ or memory
7.2.1. 3M
7.2.2. ACREO
7.2.3. Asahi Kasei
7.2.4. Asahi Glass
7.2.5. AU Optoelectronics
7.2.6. BASF
7.2.7. Canon
7.2.8. CEA Liten
7.2.9. Chinese Academy of Sciences
7.2.10. DialMat
7.2.11. DaiNippon Ink and Chemical
7.2.12. Dow Chemical
7.2.13. Ecole Superiure des Mines Saint Etienne
7.2.14. ETRI
7.2.15. Evident Technologies
7.2.16. Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems
7.2.17. Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration
7.2.18. Fuji Electric Holdings
7.2.19. Fujitsu
7.2.20. H.C.Starck
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