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Genomics is transforming the pharmaceutical industry. Companies are moving from drug discovery and development based on medicinal chemistry to the design of drugs based on information provided by genomics. Virtually all of the major pharmaceutical houses have either formed partnerships with genomics firms that began to emerge in the early 1990s or have created in house genomics divisions. The aim of this Publications study is to provide in depth information on the developing market for genomics products and services. The report will include detailed market analyses and discussions of industry trends in order to assess the impact of genomics on the current and emerging pharmaceutical and diagnostic markets. Forecasts and trends were developed from interviews with industry sources, as well as from an assessment of available and emerging technologies. The report focuses on how researchers are applying new genomic approaches to drug discovery and development, and on how these technologies can be used most effectively and in a high throughput capacity. Case studies analyzing particular applications of genomic technologies to specific disease related research are provided, and future trends and developments are forecasted. Information to prepare this study was derived from interviews with product managers, marketing strategists, research executives and others. These individuals are employed at leading genomics firms or in pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that either contract with these firms or have developed in house genomics capabilities.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 6
1.1 Statement of Report 6
1.2 Objectives and Goals of Study 6
1.3 Methodology 6
1.4 Executive Summary 8
1.4.1 Market Drivers 8
1.4.2 Market Restraints 8
1.4.3 Market Size and Growth Projections 8
1.5 What Is a Gene? 9
1.6 Gene Expression 10
1.7 Genetic Variability 10
1.8 The Human Genome Project (HGP) 11
1.9 Gene Databases 12
1.10 Sequencing and Resequencing 12
1.11 RNA Interference (RNAi) 13
1.12 DNA Tags 15
2. Genomics Technology and Industry 16
2.1 The Development of a Genomics Market 16
2.1.1 Market Size and Growth Projections 16
2.1.2 The U.S. Genomics Market 16
2.2 DNA Microarray Technology 17
2.2.1 Biochips 17
2.2.2 Photolithography 17
2.2.3 Instrumentation for DNA Microarray Analysis 18
2.2.4 Lab-on-a-Chip 19
2.2.5 DNA Microarrays 20
2.3 Applications of DNA Microarrays 21
2.3.1 DNA Sequence Analysis 21
2.3.2 Gene Expression Analysis 28
2.3.3 Effect of DNA Sequence and Gene Expression Monitoring on the Genomics Market 31
2.4 Bioinformatics 32
2.5 Functional Genomics 34
2.5.1 Gene Knockdown 35
2.5.2 Protein-Protein Interactions 36
2.5.3 Bioinformatics 36
2.5.4 Strategies of Functional Genomics Companies 37
2.5.5 Frontiers in Functional Genomics 38
2.6 Comparative Genomics 39
2.7 Pharmacogenomics 39
2.8 Proteomics 40
2.9 Structural Genomics 40
2.10 Disease Targets 41
2.10.1 Paradigm Shift in Drug Development:
2.10.2 Personalized Warfarin Therapy 41
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