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A calcium magnesium carbonate, dolomite was named for French mineralogist Deodat de Dolomieu, who discovered the stone in 1792 while traveling in the Alps. That entire region of the Alps is now known as the Dolomites. Dolomite is usually a white, gray or brown stone. If iron is present, it can also be brown or black. It is a soft stone that reacts slowly to acids. It appears as both a rock and a mineral.
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Dolomite does not form on the earth's surface, but is in massive rock beds several hundred feet thick. Only small amounts of dolomite form today. In fact, dolomite has not formed in large or moderate amounts for hundreds of millions of years. But, as a sedimentary rock, it should be appearing in much more measurable amounts. Scientists have been baffled by this phenomenon, and are not even sure how the stone forms - it has been dubbed "the dolomite problem." The most popular belief is that dolomite forms from deposits of calcite or limestone. Dolomite is believed to stimulate the metabolism of calcium and magnesium, and keep a balance between the two. It is used by healers to stabilize health, especially of the blood and circulatory system. It is thought to relieve cramps. Dolomite is mined in Europe, Brazil, Africa, Mexico and parts of North America.
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The stone people simply call dinosaur bone is more descriptively known as silicified (transformed into silica) fossil of dinosaur bone. The substance is a pseudomorph (atom-by-atom, one mineral has been replaced by another without changing the original mineral's external appearance). In this case, bone has been replaced by chalcedony. Although fossilized dinosaur bones are found in many places around the world, the highly silicified and beautifully colored dinosaur remains sometimes called "gem bone" are almost exclusively found in a relatively small area in the U.S.A. called the Colorado Plateau.
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Most of the areas that produce quality bone are in Colorado and Utah. During the dinosaur era, this was an area that included both land and water, with swamps, lakes and shallow oceans bordered by continental shelf, rising into ancient mountains. The climate changed over time, growing more arid and increasing in volcanic activity. Silica-rich volcanic sediments were then carried by the rivers and deposited as the seas retreated. This environment proved ideal for the burial and subsequent preservation of countless dinosaur remains.
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