The system of higher education in India has seen an impressive growth since independence. The total enrollment increased from a meagre 0.1 Million in 1947 to phenomenal 10.5 Million in 2005-06. The education system in the country saw a revolution with the emergence of a whole new class of education providers, including private institutes, distance education providers, self-financing courses in public institutions, foreign education providers etc.
Despite the fact that enrollment figures in higher education system over the years have been rising, it varies widely across different states in India. These differences are not only linked to variation in government expenditure on higher education, but also to the per capita income, percentage of people below poverty line and the extent of urbanization in different states. Generally, states with a higher enrollment in universities and colleges are those with higher ratio of urban population and a lower percentage of population below poverty line.
The number of private institutes has increased in the country impressively whereas the number of public institutions – both government and aided institutions - has increased only marginally. Nearly 30% enrollment is in private unaided institutions, which do not receive any grants from the government. The growth has been predominantly in institutions offering professional courses.
Indian education system has its both negatives and positives (like the lack of quality institutions in India, large student base etc. So both these factors are working as bait to attract foreign universities to India. These universities are collaborating with Indian institutes to make a confident foray into the country’s education system and to fill the voids that have been left by the Indian system.
Key Findings of the Report
§ In future, the number of government and private aided universities and colleges is not likely to show any significant increase while the private unaided higher education institutions are showing signs of positive growth.
§ Nearly 30% students in higher education during the fiscal 2005-06 were enrolled in the private unaided institutions, which do not receive any grants from the government.
§ As India has all the resources and potential to become a regional hub therefore, an increasing number of students from neighbouring countries will choose the country as their preferred destination for higher education.
§ Foreign universities can leverage the opportunity of offering contextualize courses as Indian universities/
Key Issues and Facts Analysed in the Report
§ What is the scenario of higher education system in India?
§ Why foreign universities are looking at India?
§ What are the entry and operation regulations for foreign universities/
§ What are the different modes of financing higher education in India?
§ What are the opportunities and challenges for the foreign universities and other sectors related to education in India?
Research Methodology Used
Information Sources
Information has been complied from books, newspapers, trade journals, white papers, industry portals, government agencies, trade associations, monitoring industry news and developments, and through access to over 3000 paid databases.
Analysis Method
The analysis methods applied ratio analysis, historical trend analysis, linear regression analysis using software tools, judgmental forecasting, and cause and effect analysis.
Table of Contents
1. Analyst View
2. India - Economy & Employment
2.1 Economy
2.2 Occupational Structure
2.2.1 Demand vs Supply Ratio of Quality Manpower
3. How is Higher Education System in India?
3.1 Level & Type of Higher Education Institutions
3.2 Academic Structure
3.3 Enrollment Growth in Higher Education
3.4 Emergence of New Class of Education Providers
3.4.1 Private Institutions
3.4.2 Distance Education Providers
3.4.3 ‘Self-financing Courses’ in Public Institutions
3.4.4 Foreign Education Providers
3.4.5 Non-university Sector
3.5 Growth Pattern Analysis
3.5.1 Correlation between Per Capita State Domestic Production & Gross Enrollment Ratio
3.5.2 Privatisation Trends
4. Why Foreign Universities are looking at India?
4.1 Lack of Quality Institution
4.2 Lack of Funding
4.3 Large Student Base
4.4 Government Efforts to Check Brain Drain
4.5 Indian Businesses turning Global
4.6 Low Cost of Setting up & Running Campuses
4.7 Liberalisation of Education Sector
4.8 Inadequate Infrastructure & Facilities
4.9 Regional Hub
4.10 Poor Faculty & Old Teaching Methods
5. Entry & Operation Regulations for Foreign Universities/
5.1 Procedure for Registration
5.2 Conditions for Registration
5.3 Punitive Measures & Conditions for Withdrawal
6. How to Finance Higher Education in India?
6.1 Existing Funding Arrangements
6.1.1 Overall Funding
6.1.2 Public Funding
6.1.3 Private Funding
6.2 Affordability
6.3 Student Loan Schemes
7. Opportunities & Challenges for Foreign Universities & Other Education-related Sectors
7.1 Opportunities
7.1.1 Distance Education Tools
7.1.2 Banking Sector
7.1.3 Foreign Calling for Indian Universities
7.1.4 Indian Economy
7.1.5 Education Consultants
7.2 Challenges
7.2.1 Government Regulations
7.2.2 Low Affordability
7.2.3 Lack of Confidence regarding Private Institutes
7.2.4 Tough Competition
7.2.5 ‘Indian’ Conditions
7.2.6 Global Market Value of Foreign Degree
8. Appendices
8.1 Regulatory System
8.1.1 University Grants Commission (UGC)
8.1.2 Professional Councils
List of Figures:
Figure 2-1: India - Forecast for Requirement of IT Professionals (in Million), 2007 & 2010
Figure 2-2: India - Forecast for Requirement of ITES-BPO Professionals (in Million), 2007 & 2010
Figure 3-1: India - Enrollment in Institutions (in Million), 2000-01 to 2005-06
Figure 3-2: India - Enrollment Break-up by Stream (%), 2004-05
Figure 4-1: India - Number of Colleges (2000-01 to 2005-06)
Figure 4-2: India - Number of Private Universities (2000-01 & 2005-06)
Figure 4-3: Asia - Enrollment of Students (Age Group of 17-23) in Institutions (%)
Figure 4-4: India - Population in the Age Group of 19-24 (in ‘000), 2000, 2005, 2010F, 2015F & 2020F
Figure 4-5: India - Number of Students Studying in USA (2001-02 to 2005-06)
Figure 4-6: India - Number of Students Studying in Australia (2002-2006)
Figure 6-1: India - Cost-recovery through Tuition Fees by State Universities (%), 2004-05
Figure 6-2: India - Number of Education Loan Accounts (in Lakh) & Outstanding Education Loans (in Rs Crore), 2003-04 & 2005-06
Figure 7-1: India - Employment in ITES-BPO Sector (in Number), 2003-04 to 2006-07
Figure 7-2: India - Percentage of Households by Disposable Income, 2005
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